DIALYSIS - A Complete picture

Dialysis

In the case of severe kidney damage, dialysis might be an option. It is only used for end-stage kidney failure where 85 to 90 percent of kidney function is lost.

Kidney dialysis aims to complete some of the functions of a healthy kidney.

These include:

• removal of waste, excess salt, and water
• maintaining the correct levels of chemicals in the blood, including sodium, bicarbonate, and potassium
• maintaining blood pressure

The two most common types of kidney dialysis are:

Hemodialysis: An artificial kidney, or hemodialyzer, removes waste, additional fluids, and chemicals. An entry point is made in the patient by joining an artery and a vein under the skin to create a larger blood vessel. Blood travels into the hemodialyzer, is treated and then returns to the body. This is usually done 3 to 4 times a week. More regular dialysis has a more beneficial effect.

Peritoneal dialysis: A sterile solution containing glucose is inserted into the abdominal cavity around the intestine. The peritoneal membrane acts as a filter as the osmotic gradient pulls waste products and excess fluid into the abdominal cavity. In continuous peritoneal dialysis, the fluid is drained through a catheter and thrown away 4 to 5 times a day. In automated peritoneal dialysis, the process occurs over time.

Maintaining healthy kidneys

Drinking water can help keep the kidneys in good condition.

Keeping the kidneys in full working order is important for overall health.

Here are some suggestions for keeping your kidneys healthy:

Eat a balanced diet: Many kidney problems result from high blood pressure and diabetes, so maintaining a healthy diet can stave off many of the common causes of kidney disease. The DASH diet is recommended for maintaining a healthy blood pressure.

Get enough exercise: Exercising for 30 minutes a day can reduce the risk of high blood pressure and obesity, which put pressure on kidney health.

Drink plenty of water: Fluid intake is important, and especially water. Around 6 to 8 cups per day is recommended.

Supplements: Be cautious, as not all dietary supplements and vitamins are beneficial. Some can harm the kidneys if taken to excess.

Salt: Limit your sodium intake to a maximum of 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium each day.

Alcohol: Consuming more than one drink per day can harm the kidneys and hamper their functioning.

Smoking: Tobacco smoke restricts blood vessels. Without an adequate blood supply, the kidneys will not be able to complete their normal work.

Over-the-counter medications: Just because a drug does not need a prescription, this does not mean it is harmless. Overusing drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen can damage the kidneys.

Screening: Anyone with high blood pressure or diabetes should consider regular kidney screening to help spot any possible health issues.

Diabetes and heart disease: Following the doctor's recommendations for managing these conditions can help protect the kidneys in the long term.

Sleep and stress control: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) recommend getting 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night and seeking out activities to reduce stress, in order to boost overall health.